In spite of a widespread hyperfixation on nailing the perfect arm angle, lagging development of the "lower" (or "costal") division of the pec is exceedingly common amongst the bodybuilding crowd. The missing ingredient here is costal rib position: the key lynchpin of creating pec tension.

When muscle fibers experience tension and metabolic stress, a short-lived inflammatory response begins clearing out damaged tissue. This temporary inflammation is an essential part of the adaptation cycle, but problems arise when inflammation does not fully resolve.

Optimizing the nutrient environment around training is one of the most powerful means by which coaches can directly influence both the quality of a session and the physiological adaptations that follow.

There has been an ongoing war in the fitness community between the science-based lifters and the bro-science lifters. There have been decisive victories on either side, but there's one battle that has been raging on for some time: the efficacy of foam rolling.

Whether you're training for aesthetics, athletics or rehab, the deltoid group will at some point become a primary focus of your training endeavours. Mechanically, the delt is a simple muscle to train due to its uniarticular nature, but there are complicating factors.

Limited ankle mobility is one of the most commonly cited range of motion restrictions in the entire body. Oftentimes a scapegoat for pain throughout the lower body or just poor technique, it's rare to find someone who doesn't complain of poor ankle mobility.

Back training presents one of the most complex programming challenges in resistance training. This stems from looking at back training as a list of similar rowing and pulling variations instead of understanding the biomechanical principles that govern fibre recruitment across the different muscles

The barbell bench press has forever been the great measuring stick of upper body strength. And from its original form, the barbell bench has spawned many a variation: incline, decline, floor press, football bar, buffalo bar, and the focus of today’s conversation, the close-grip bench press.